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perf(server): events stop maintaining the stream sequence index - #35023
Every event insert updates idx_orch_events_stream_sequence (aggregate_kind, stream_id, sequence), but no read needs it. Every read it serves is served as well by another index:
V2 thread reads can use idx_orchestration_events_agent_stream_sequence, which also covers the version check without a table lookup.
Whole-stream reads can use idx_orch_events_stream_version, whose entries carry the same rowid.
On a real database, this index alone is about 6% of the WAL frames each event commit writes (#24003).
The earlier attempt, #19623, was closed for lack of a measurement through a real provider turn. This PR includes one.
Change
Migration 084_DropOrchestrationEventStreamSequenceIndex drops the index.
The server deletes sqlite_stat1 at startup, so it plans without statistics. Without them, SQLite would move these reads to idx_orchestration_events_application_sequence and range over every V2 event. They now name the thread index with INDEXED BY. Each pinned query already carries the index's application_event_version = 2 AND aggregate_kind = 'thread' terms, so the pin always prepares.
readAgentEvents for one thread, with or without an event type
getAgentReplayStats
Codex usage history's per-turn selection lookup
ThreadFind's revision lookup, which named the dropped index
The prune pass now finds each stream's newest row as the one with the highest stream_version, which idx_orch_events_stream_version seeks directly. MAX(sequence) through that index would read the whole stream for every candidate, including the V1 history that pruning keeps. Every writer appends a stream's highest stream_version plus one, and sequence is AUTOINCREMENT, so both expressions pick the same row. That covers appendAgentEvents, appendProjectEventRow, the removed V1 appendEventRow, the V2 preview migration, and the dev-db copy, which copies rows as they are. A 5.7 GB real database has no stream where the two orders disagree.
Scope
A performance bug: an index maintained on every insert serves no query. It is one part of #24003. Query results and pruning results are unchanged.
One point for the maintainers. Builds since #21122 (v0.1.9 included) pin idx_orch_events_stream_sequence in ThreadFind. Such a build that opens a database migrated by this PR logs the usual warning about an unknown migration, and then its thread Find fails to prepare until the user updates. If downgrades need to keep Find working, this PR could ship in two steps: first the re-pin, then the drop a release later.
Verification
Write volume through the real write path. A replay harness (apps/server/scripts/bench-event-writes.ts on a branch of our fork, not part of this PR) feeds recorded events through the server's own EventSink, with the server's PRAGMAs and migrations, on a copy of a real 5.7 GB database. It counts the WAL frames each commit appends and attributes them to b-trees with dbstat. Counts repeat exactly from run to run. Its replay of a live Claude turn, recorded on a scratch server, matches that turn's live WAL within 2%. Results over 3 runs each, smallest gain first:
Window
Frames per event
KiB per event
Checkpoint pages per event
One live Claude turn (65 events)
22.86 → 21.57 (−5.7%)
92.0 → 86.8
8.35 → 8.14
418 recorded events
31.03 → 29.10 (−6.2%)
124.8 → 117.1
12.16 → 11.42
Only idx_orch_events_stream_sequence changed in the attribution: −816 frames over the 418 events, −84 over the live turn. The 418-event "after" fills the 20 MB the drop frees first. Otherwise the next commits allocate from the freelist, and that adds a trunk page each, which a database that already has a freelist pays anyway. Write time inside EventSink.write moved within run-to-run noise.
Reads that lost the index, on the 5.7 GB copy, median of 5, warm cache. The load average was 5–9.5, so small differences are noise.
Read
main
this PR
this PR's migration without the pins
readAgentEvents, a 2-event thread
0.022 ms
0.022 ms
56.1 ms
readAgentEvents, the largest thread (54,400 events)
212.5 ms
183.1 ms
218.7 ms
getAgentReplayStats, the largest thread
0.073 ms
0.047 ms
2.73 ms
Codex usage history, the largest thread
5,620 ms
4,556 ms
16,650 ms
ThreadFind revision
0.017 ms
0.016 ms
fails: no such index
Prune pages over the whole log
228–236 ms
232–234 ms
over 120 s, unfinished
Query plans for about 30 orchestration_events read shapes, through Node 26's SQLite 3.53.3 on the real schema, in all three stats modes (none, after ANALYZE, after PRAGMA optimize): only the reads listed under Change moved, and each stays on an index.
Tests:
Migrations.test.ts: migrate to 82, then to head. The exact remaining index list is checked, and the row survives.
OrchestrationEventStore.sequence.test.ts: captures the real per-thread statements and checks their plans. It fails without the pins, because those reads move to application_sequence.
ProjectionMaintenance.test.ts: the plan text says SEARCH whether a lookup seeks one entry or reads a whole stream, so this test counts SQLite VM steps instead. It runs a prune page over a project stream and a thread stream, each with 1,000 V1 rows followed by 25 V2 rows written through the real append paths, in all three stats modes. Then it trims the V1 history to 100 rows and runs again. With MAX(sequence) it fails (expected 252553 to be at most 35258.3); with this change it passes. It also checks which rows are kept.
The seven touched test files: 101 passed. vp run check:changed: format, lint, knip, graphql, typecheck and tests pass.
Model and harness: Claude Opus 5.5, Claude Code in T3 Code
Every event insert updated idx_orch_events_stream_sequence
(aggregate_kind, stream_id, sequence), but each read it served has an
index that serves it as well: V2 thread reads use
idx_orchestration_events_agent_stream_sequence, which also skips the
table row to check the version, and whole-stream reads use
idx_orch_events_stream_version, whose entries carry the same rowid.
Migration 083 drops it. Without planner statistics, which the server
deletes at startup, SQLite would otherwise move these reads to
idx_orchestration_events_application_sequence and range over every V2
event, so they now name the thread index:
- readAgentEvents for one thread, with or without an event type
- getAgentReplayStats
- Codex usage history's per-turn selection lookup
- ThreadFind's revision, which pinned the dropped index
The prune pass finds each stream's newest row as its highest
stream_version, which idx_orch_events_stream_version seeks; MAX(sequence)
through that index would read the whole stream for every candidate,
including the V1 history pruning keeps. Every append takes the stream's
highest stream_version plus one, so both pick the same row.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Macroscope's review found this PR requires human approval — This reduces event-write overhead by removing a redundant index and redirecting reads. The persistent removal breaks thread Find in older binaries opening the migrated database, requiring a decision on downgrade compatibility or a staged release.
Needs human approval because:
Macroscope's correctness review did not reach a verdict
Notes:
The correctness review was unavailable. Eligibility was assessed without its result.
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No actionable comments were generated in the recent review.
Walkthrough
The change updates SQLite index selection for orchestration event reads, adds migration 84 to drop the stream-sequence index, and changes pruning’s newest-event check to use stream_version. Tests cover query plans, migration results, and pruning behavior under different planner statistics.
Changes: Orchestration event store
Layer / File(s)
Summary
Route event reads to appropriate indexes apps/server/src/persistence/OrchestrationEventStore.ts, apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/ThreadFind.ts, apps/server/src/usage/CodexUsageHistory.ts, apps/server/src/persistence/OrchestrationEventStore.sequence.test.ts
Event reads select indexes based on their filters. Thread-scoped reads, revision lookups, and replay statistics use the agent stream index. Tests check query results and query plans for thread-scoped reads.
Drop the stream-sequence index apps/server/src/persistence/Migrations/084_DropOrchestrationEventStreamSequenceIndex.ts, apps/server/src/persistence/Migrations.ts, apps/server/src/persistence/Migrations.test.ts, apps/server/src/persistence/reconcileV2PreviewMigration.test.ts
Migration 84 drops idx_orch_events_stream_sequence if it exists. Migration registration and tests cover the resulting indexes and retained event data.
Preserve the newest event per stream apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/ProjectionMaintenance.ts, apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/ProjectionMaintenance.test.ts
The pruning candidate check compares stream_version with the maximum for the stream. Tests check pruning results and query VM steps under different planner statistics.
pingdotgg/t3code#28903: The PR drops one of the reported large event indexes, but does not implement the issue’s requested retention and compaction.
pingdotgg/t3code#26224: The PR changes the pruning query used in the compaction path, but does not establish that it resolves the reported event-loop freezes.
pingdotgg/t3code#24003: The PR drops one index cited as a source of write amplification, but does not address the reported thread.visited payload issue.
Suggested reviewers:juliusmarminge, t3dotgg
Merge Risk: Minimal · up to 875da
This change drops an unused event index and pins event reads to the remaining index. No actionable merge-blocking risk remains. Older builds that pin the dropped index may fail to prepare one query after the migration runs, which the author has already noted.
Pre-merge checks: 4
Check name
Status
Explanation
Title check
The title "perf(server): events stop maintaining the stream sequence index" follows conventional commit form and matches the main change. The PR drops idx_orch_events_stream_sequence, which every even…
Linked Issues check
Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check
Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Description check
The description follows the repository template closely. It has Problem, Change, Scope, and Verification sections, and each is substantively filled in. The Problem section states the cause: an index m…
Full details: Title check
Explanation
The title "perf(server): events stop maintaining the stream sequence index" follows conventional commit form and matches the main change. The PR drops idx_orch_events_stream_sequence, which every event insert currently maintains, and adds migration 084 to drop it. The title also names the server scope. It is specific and it describes the primary change.
Full details: Description check
Explanation
The description follows the repository template closely. It has Problem, Change, Scope, and Verification sections, and each is substantively filled in. The Problem section states the cause: an index maintained on every event insert serves no read. The Change section lists the migration, the INDEXED BY pins, and the prune-query change, and it explains why the two newest-row expressions select the same row. The Scope section frames the work as a performance bug fix and links the related issue #24003. It also flags a downgrade compatibility risk with a suggested two-step rollout. The Verification section gives measured WAL frame counts, read timings, query-plan checks, and named tests, and it notes the benchmark harness lives on a fork branch. The description does not include a conventional commit title, and it does not link the prior closed attempt #19623 as an issue for scope. The Scope section also does not cleanly state the bug issue link for the fix itself, relying on #24003 as the parent. These are minor gaps. The author also says the change includes a measurement through a real provider turn, which the Verification section supports.
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Actionable comments posted: 1
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Inline comments:
Review comments at
@apps/server/src/orchestration-v2/ProjectionMaintenance.test.ts:
- Line 488: Make the `vmStep` measurement using `statement.stat` conditional on
that method being available, and skip only the VM-step comparison when it is
unavailable. Keep the retained-row and result-equality assertions unconditional.
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size:M30-99 changed lines (additions + deletions).vouch:unvouchedPR author is not yet trusted in the VOUCHED list.
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Problem
Every event insert updates
idx_orch_events_stream_sequence(aggregate_kind, stream_id, sequence), but no read needs it. Every read it serves is served as well by another index:idx_orchestration_events_agent_stream_sequence, which also covers the version check without a table lookup.idx_orch_events_stream_version, whose entries carry the same rowid.On a real database, this index alone is about 6% of the WAL frames each event commit writes (#24003).
The earlier attempt, #19623, was closed for lack of a measurement through a real provider turn. This PR includes one.
Change
084_DropOrchestrationEventStreamSequenceIndexdrops the index.sqlite_stat1at startup, so it plans without statistics. Without them, SQLite would move these reads toidx_orchestration_events_application_sequenceand range over every V2 event. They now name the thread index withINDEXED BY. Each pinned query already carries the index'sapplication_event_version = 2 AND aggregate_kind = 'thread'terms, so the pin always prepares.readAgentEventsfor one thread, with or without an event typegetAgentReplayStatsThreadFind's revision lookup, which named the dropped indexstream_version, whichidx_orch_events_stream_versionseeks directly.MAX(sequence)through that index would read the whole stream for every candidate, including the V1 history that pruning keeps. Every writer appends a stream's higheststream_versionplus one, andsequenceisAUTOINCREMENT, so both expressions pick the same row. That coversappendAgentEvents,appendProjectEventRow, the removed V1appendEventRow, the V2 preview migration, and the dev-db copy, which copies rows as they are. A 5.7 GB real database has no stream where the two orders disagree.Scope
A performance bug: an index maintained on every insert serves no query. It is one part of #24003. Query results and pruning results are unchanged.
One point for the maintainers. Builds since #21122 (v0.1.9 included) pin
idx_orch_events_stream_sequenceinThreadFind. Such a build that opens a database migrated by this PR logs the usual warning about an unknown migration, and then its thread Find fails to prepare until the user updates. If downgrades need to keep Find working, this PR could ship in two steps: first the re-pin, then the drop a release later.Verification
Write volume through the real write path. A replay harness (
apps/server/scripts/bench-event-writes.tson a branch of our fork, not part of this PR) feeds recorded events through the server's ownEventSink, with the server's PRAGMAs and migrations, on a copy of a real 5.7 GB database. It counts the WAL frames each commit appends and attributes them to b-trees withdbstat. Counts repeat exactly from run to run. Its replay of a live Claude turn, recorded on a scratch server, matches that turn's live WAL within 2%. Results over 3 runs each, smallest gain first:Only
idx_orch_events_stream_sequencechanged in the attribution: −816 frames over the 418 events, −84 over the live turn. The 418-event "after" fills the 20 MB the drop frees first. Otherwise the next commits allocate from the freelist, and that adds a trunk page each, which a database that already has a freelist pays anyway. Write time insideEventSink.writemoved within run-to-run noise.Reads that lost the index, on the 5.7 GB copy, median of 5, warm cache. The load average was 5–9.5, so small differences are noise.
readAgentEvents, a 2-event threadreadAgentEvents, the largest thread (54,400 events)getAgentReplayStats, the largest threadThreadFindrevisionQuery plans for about 30
orchestration_eventsread shapes, through Node 26's SQLite 3.53.3 on the real schema, in all three stats modes (none, afterANALYZE, afterPRAGMA optimize): only the reads listed under Change moved, and each stays on an index.Tests:
Migrations.test.ts: migrate to 82, then to head. The exact remaining index list is checked, and the row survives.OrchestrationEventStore.sequence.test.ts: captures the real per-thread statements and checks their plans. It fails without the pins, because those reads move toapplication_sequence.ProjectionMaintenance.test.ts: the plan text saysSEARCHwhether a lookup seeks one entry or reads a whole stream, so this test counts SQLite VM steps instead. It runs a prune page over a project stream and a thread stream, each with 1,000 V1 rows followed by 25 V2 rows written through the real append paths, in all three stats modes. Then it trims the V1 history to 100 rows and runs again. WithMAX(sequence)it fails (expected 252553 to be at most 35258.3); with this change it passes. It also checks which rows are kept.vp run check:changed: format, lint, knip, graphql, typecheck and tests pass.Model and harness: Claude Opus 5.5, Claude Code in T3 Code